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Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in Alzheimer’s disease

High rates of retention, adherence, and safety appear to be achievable in applying a 12-week modified ketogenic diet to AD patients. Compared with a usual diet supplemented with low-fat healthy-eating guidelines, patients on the ketogenic diet improved in daily function and quality of life, two factors of great importance to people living with dementia. Read More

Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Intervention on Hemoglobin A1c: A Randomized Controlled Trial

In this randomized clinical trial, a low-carbohydrate dietary intervention led to improvements in glycemia in individuals with elevated HbA1c not taking glucoselowering medication, but the study was unable to evaluate its effects independently of weight loss. This diet, if sustained, might be a useful dietary approach for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, but more […] Read More

Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data

On the basis of moderate to low certainty evidence, patients adhering to an LCD for six months may experience remission of diabetes without adverse consequences. Limitations include continued debate around what constitutes remission of diabetes, as well as the efficacy, safety, and dietary satisfaction of longer term LCDs. Read More

Carbohydrate restriction for diabetes: rediscovering centuries-old wisdom

Reduced-carbohydrate diets have been used to treat diabetes for more than a century. After the discovery of insulin, high-carbohydrate diets became the mainstay of MNT for diabetes, not because of demonstrated superiority for long-term outcomes, but because insulin could ameliorate the acute metabolic effects of carbohydrate consumption. With new understanding of the importance of controlling […] Read More

The effect of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss and lipid levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This meta-analysis suggests that low-carbohydrate diets are effective at improving weight loss, HDL and TG lipid profiles. Read More

Impact of a 2-year trial of nutritional ketosis on indices of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes

Consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet with nutritional ketosis for 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes lowered levels of small LDL particles that are commonly increased in diabetic dyslipidemia and are a marker for heightened CVD risk. A corresponding increase in concentrations of larger LDL particles was responsible for higher levels of […] Read More

Examining differences between overweight women and men in 12-month weight loss study comparing healthy low-carbohydrate vs. low fat diets

12-month changes in weight (p < 0.001) were different by group. HLC produced significantly greater weight loss, as well as greater loss of both fat mass and lean mass, than HLF among men [−2.98 kg (−4.47, −1.50); P < 0.001], but not among women. Men were more adherent to HLC than women (p = 0.02). […] Read More

Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

The recommendation to limit dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has persisted despite mounting evidence to the contrary. Most recent meta-analyses of randomized trials and observational studies found no beneficial effects of reducing SFA intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality, and instead found protective effects against stroke. Although SFAs increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, […] Read More

Energy Requirement is Higher During Weight-Loss Maintenance in Adults Consuming a Low-Compared with High-Carbohydrate Diet

This study reports secondary outcomes from Ebbeling et al. 2020. Mean estimated energy requirement was high in the low-versus high carbohydrate group in several models of varying covariate structure involving intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis. Differences ranged from 181-323 calories per day. Read More

Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials

Compared with usual diet, moderate certainty evidence supports modest weight loss and substantial reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure for low carbohydrate (eg, Atkins, Zone), low fat (eg, Ornish), and moderate macronutrient (eg, DASH, Mediterranean) diets at six but not 12 months using GRADE methodology. Read More